Labo Élec

electrical lab simulator
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ISL-oriented exercises

15 steps

The course 526 exercises (chapters 1 to 15), first as calculations then in the lab.

1. Quantity of electricity

Step 1

Q = I·t, coulombs and ampere-hours, simulated time. Reminder · Voltage & current

  1. Direct computation of Q level 1
  2. Current from Q and t level 1
  3. Duration of flow level 2
  4. Average current of a battery level 2
  5. Cell autonomy level 2
  6. Starter: brief high current level 3
  7. Ampere-hours to coulombs level 1
  8. Milliampere-hours to coulombs level 2
  9. Measure then compute Q level 2
  10. Reach a quantity of electricity level 2
  11. Predict the quantity of electricity level 2
  12. Cell autonomy on a lamp level 3
  13. Average current from the counter level 2
  14. Where to measure the current? level 2

2. Electrical resistance

Step 2

Pouillet's law, diameter and cross-section, temperature effect, conductor wire and ohmmeter. Reminder · Ohm's law & resistance

  1. Resistance of a conductor level 2
  2. Length of a wire level 2
  3. Resistivity of a metal level 3
  4. Diameter of a wire level 3
  5. Resistivity: from SI to industrial unit level 2
  6. From diameter to cross-section level 1
  7. From cross-section to diameter level 2
  8. Hot resistance (0 °C reference) level 2
  9. Hot resistance (25 °C reference) level 3
  10. Cold resistance level 3
  11. Operating temperature level 3
  12. Temperature rise of a winding level 3
  13. Carbon filament (negative α) level 4
  14. Resistance of a wire with the ohmmeter level 2
  15. Set a wire to obtain a resistance level 3
  16. Which metal? (voltmeter-ammeter method) level 3
  17. Which one is copper? level 3
  18. Two wires of the same metal level 3
  19. Sizing a line level 4
  20. Predict the hot resistance level 3
  21. Measure the temperature coefficient level 4
  22. Resistance thermometer level 4
  23. Predict the cold resistance level 3
  24. Carbon filament in the lab level 4
  25. Heating and current level 3

3. Ohm's law

Step 3

U = R·I with the instruments, prefixes, ranges, admissible voltage. Reminder · Ohm's law & resistance

  1. Voltage shown by the voltmeter level 1
  2. Resistance of a load level 1
  3. Current drawn by an oven level 1
  4. Insulation resistance (kV, mA) level 3
  5. Millivoltmeter across a small resistance level 2
  6. Maximum voltage of a potentiometer level 2
  7. Voltmeter-ammeter method level 2
  8. Get the wanted current level 2
  9. Predict the ammeter reading level 2
  10. Misconnected instruments level 2
  11. Plot U = f(I) of a resistor level 3
  12. How far can the voltage go? level 3
  13. Insulation test: choose the range level 4
  14. From the colour bands to the current level 3
  15. Place the voltmeter and the ammeter level 1

4. Power and efficiency

Step 4

P = W/t, P = U·I, hydraulic and lifting chains, wattmeter, energy meter, generator and motor efficiency. Reminder · Power, energy, efficiency

  1. Power of a hotplate level 1
  2. Energy used by a kettle level 1
  3. Running time of an oven level 1
  4. Power of a load (U, I) level 1
  5. Resistance from the rating plate level 2
  6. Useful energy of a motor level 2
  7. Waterfall, turbine and generator level 3
  8. Required flow of a waterfall level 4
  9. Height of a waterfall level 4
  10. Efficiency of a generator level 4
  11. Power of a crane motor level 3
  12. Lifting time level 3
  13. Efficiency of a goods lift level 3
  14. Load a hoist can lift level 3
  15. Pump motor level 3
  16. Kilowatt-hours to kilojoules level 1
  17. Connect a wattmeter level 3
  18. P = U·I, checked with the wattmeter level 3
  19. Predict the energy used level 2
  20. Stop at the right time level 3
  21. Lamp at its rated power level 2
  22. Lamp at another voltage level 3
  23. Efficiency of a real generator level 4
  24. Efficiency of a motor level 4
  25. Which one heats up most? level 3

5. Resistor groups

Step 5

Series, parallel, mixed, oven settings, line voltage drop, troubleshooting. Reminder · Resistor networks

  1. Equivalent resistance in series level 1
  2. Equivalent resistance in parallel level 2
  3. Equivalent resistance of a mixed group level 3
  4. Series: from partial to total voltage level 2
  5. Series: from total to partial voltages level 2
  6. Series: current from the total power level 3
  7. Series: unknown resistance from a partial power level 4
  8. Parallel: current division level 2
  9. Parallel: unknown resistance level 3
  10. Resistors given by their rating level 3
  11. Oven settings: in parallel level 3
  12. Oven settings: in series level 3
  13. Line voltage drop: source voltage level 3
  14. Line voltage drop: admissible resistance level 4
  15. Conductor cut into pieces put in parallel level 3
  16. n identical resistors level 1
  17. Build a series circuit and read a partial voltage level 2
  18. Build a parallel circuit and find the total current level 2
  19. Equivalent resistance of a network level 3
  20. Three identical resistors, one value to reach level 3
  21. The missing resistor level 3
  22. Current divider level 3
  23. Oven setting 1: a single resistor level 2
  24. Oven setting 2: two resistors in parallel level 2
  25. Oven setting 3: two resistors in series level 2
  26. Rank the oven settings level 2
  27. Compensate the line voltage drop level 3
  28. Cross-section of a garage line level 4
  29. Troubleshoot a series circuit level 3
  30. Who is in parallel, who carries the most current? level 3
  31. Two halves of a wire in parallel level 3
  32. Three loads in parallel: Req level 3
  33. Find R₁ thanks to the wattmeter level 4

6. Generators

Step 6

E = U + r·I, internal resistance, efficiency, no load and under load. Reminder · Real generators & loads

  1. EMF of an accumulator cell level 2
  2. Current delivered by an accumulator level 2
  3. External resistance of an accumulator level 2
  4. Internal resistance of an accumulator level 3
  5. Ammeter connected straight across a cell level 3
  6. Electrical efficiency of a generator level 3
  7. Predict the current of a real cell level 2
  8. Measure the internal resistance of a cell level 3
  9. No load, then under load level 3
  10. Load for a given efficiency level 4

7. Loads

Step 7

E′, r′, charging accumulator, motor, efficiency. Reminder · Real generators & loads

  1. Voltage needed to recharge an accumulator level 2
  2. Maximum charging current level 2
  3. EMF of a charging accumulator level 2
  4. Internal resistance of a charging accumulator level 3
  5. Battery of n cells being charged level 3
  6. Useful power of a motor level 3
  7. Predict the current of a motor level 3
  8. Measure the back-EMF of a motor level 3
  9. Get the wanted current in a motor level 3
  10. Accumulator being charged level 3

8. Generalised Ohm's law

Step 8

ΣE = ΣE′ + ΣR·I, opposition, control rheostat. Reminder · Real generators & loads

  1. Generalised Ohm's law: missing EMF level 4
  2. Two accumulators in opposition level 3
  3. Limiting the charging current level 3
  4. Rheostat between a generator and a load level 3
  5. Two cells, one motor, two resistors level 4
  6. Two cells in opposition level 3
  7. Set the rheostat of a motor level 4

9. Loop and junction laws

Step 9

Two-source circuits solved with Kirchhoff. Reminder · Kirchhoff's laws

  1. Two sources, three branches level 4
  2. Two-source ladder level 5
  3. Which branch carries the most current? level 3
  4. Junction law in the lab level 3

10. The capacitor

Step 10

Series and parallel groups, charge, energy. Reminder · Capacitors

  1. Capacitors in series level 2
  2. Voltage across a series group level 3
  3. Two capacitors in series level 2
  4. Missing capacitor of a series group level 3
  5. Capacitors in parallel level 1
  6. Charge of a parallel group level 3
  7. Third capacitor of a parallel group level 3
  8. Same energy at another voltage level 4
  9. Completing a capacitance level 2
  10. Adding a discharged capacitor level 4

11. Electromagnetism

Step 11

Coil flux density, flux, cut flux, self-induction, Laplace force. Reminder · Magnetism & electromagnetism

  1. Flux density at the centre of a coil level 2
  2. Number of turns for a flux density level 3
  3. Current for a given flux density level 3
  4. Length of a coil level 3
  5. Flux of a coil in air level 3
  6. Coil diameter for a given flux level 4
  7. Flux with an iron core level 3
  8. Permeability of a core level 4
  9. Turns to spread over a core level 4
  10. EMF induced in a flat coil level 3
  11. Fluxmeter probe level 4
  12. Primary current from the secondary EMF level 5
  13. Conductor sweeping the field lines level 2
  14. Speed of a bar in a field level 3
  15. Flux density cut by a bar level 3
  16. Self-induced EMF level 2
  17. Admissible switch-off time level 3
  18. Current cut in a coil level 3
  19. Laplace force level 2
  20. Current for a given force level 3
  21. Bar on rails and dynamometer level 4
  22. Inductance of a coil level 3

12. Sinusoidal quantities

Step 12

Period, frequency, angular frequency, phase, peak and RMS values, oscilloscope. Reminder · Alternating current

  1. From period to frequency level 1
  2. Angular frequency of a sinusoidal current level 2
  3. Phase at a given instant level 3
  4. Instantaneous value of a current level 3
  5. RMS value read on the oscilloscope level 2
  6. Peak current from the energy level 3
  7. RMS EMF of an alternator level 2
  8. Kettle: amplitude on the oscilloscope level 4
  9. Power from the current amplitude level 3

13. RLC circuits

Step 13

Reactances, impedance, series RLC, parallel groups. Reminder · RLC circuits

  1. Resistive wire on AC level 2
  2. Heating element on AC level 1
  3. Inductance of a pure coil level 3
  4. Capacitance of a pure capacitor level 3
  5. Current in a pure inductor level 2
  6. Angular frequency from an inductor level 3
  7. Current in a perfect capacitor level 2
  8. Angular frequency from a capacitor level 3
  9. Impedance of a series RLC circuit level 3
  10. Resistance of a circuit of known impedance level 4
  11. Total voltage of a series RLC level 4
  12. Coil resistance from cos φ level 5
  13. Resistor and pure inductor in parallel level 3
  14. Resistor and capacitor in parallel level 3
  15. Real coil and capacitor in parallel level 5
  16. Pure inductor and capacitor in parallel level 3

14. AC power

Step 14

S, P, Q, cos φ, installations with several loads. Reminder · AC power

  1. Powers of a coil level 3
  2. Two coils in series level 4
  3. Three coils in series level 4
  4. Heater and motor at a subscriber level 4
  5. Lamps, heater and motor level 4
  6. Workshop: tubes, motors and heaters level 5

15. Power-factor correction

Step 15

Correction capacitor, power method. Reminder · AC power

  1. Correction capacitor for a coil level 4
  2. Cos φ of a coil in parallel with a resistor level 5
  3. Correcting the cos φ of a motor level 4
  4. Workshop: capacitor, heater and cos φ level 5
Start this course

All paths · All sheets

Simulated time00:00:00
Q = I·t-
W = P·t-

Workbench

Circuit diagram CEI 60617

How does it work?

The perfboard: each big hole is a circuit node. You push a single leg of a component (resistor, lamp...) into it. The 4 small holes around it are connected to it: that is where chips and leads plug in.

  1. Drag a component onto the board: it snaps onto the grid. R rotates it.
  2. To join neighbouring big holes, click Jumper chip in the palette (or C) then drag on the board: a line of chips is laid at once. Bridged holes become a single node.
  3. For long links and for the power supply (placed next to the board), drag a lead from one big hole to another (or to a terminal).
  4. As soon as a loop is closed, the circuit is solved in real time (Ohm + Kirchhoff) and the diagram follows.
  5. Zoom with the wheel (or + / −, two-finger pinch); drag the background to pan, 0 fits the board. The + buttons around the board add a row or a column.

Del delete · R rotate · C chip brush · Esc cancel · wheel zoom · drag the background to pan

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