Labo Élec

electrical lab simulator
0 1 / 20

General electricity

15 steps

The full course in 15 steps, to prepare an exam.

Basics & units

Step 1

SI, prefixes, scientific notation, symbols, reading a dial. Reminder · Basics & units

  1. Ampere-hours to coulombs level 1
  2. Kilo-ohms to ohms level 1
  3. Kilowatt-hours to joules level 1
  4. Milliamperes to amperes level 1
  5. Square millimetres to square metres level 1
  6. Microfarads to farads level 1
  7. Prefixes level 1
  8. SI units level 1

Electrostatics

Step 2

Atom, charges, Coulomb, electric field. Reminder · Electrostatics

  1. Charge of the electron level 1
  2. Conductor or insulator level 1
  3. Coulomb's law and distance level 1
  4. Attraction and repulsion level 1
  5. Which attract? level 1
  6. Field between two plates level 2
  7. Force between two charges level 3

Voltage & current

Step 3

Potential, current direction, Q = I·t, current density, mains. Reminder · Voltage & current

  1. Direct computation of Q level 1
  2. Current from Q and t level 1
  3. Ampere-hours to coulombs level 1
  4. The coulomb level 1
  5. Potential difference level 1
  6. Domestic network level 1
  7. Current direction level 1
  8. Duration of flow level 2
  9. Average current of a battery level 2
  10. Cell autonomy level 2
  11. Milliampere-hours to coulombs level 2
  12. Measure then compute Q level 2
  13. Reach a quantity of electricity level 2
  14. Predict the quantity of electricity level 2
  15. Average current from the counter level 2
  16. Where to measure the current? level 2
  17. Quantity of electricity level 2
  18. Starter: brief high current level 3
  19. Cell autonomy on a lamp level 3
  20. Number of electrons level 3
  21. Battery autonomy level 3
  22. Current density level 3

Ohm's law & resistance

Step 4

Getting started in the lab, U = R·I, Pouillet, temperature, colour code. Reminder · Ohm's law & resistance

  1. First resistor level 1
  2. The chips level 1
  3. The switch level 1
  4. The leads level 1
  5. A resistor at 9 V level 1
  6. Predict the current level 1
  7. Reach 20 mA level 2
  8. If the voltage doubles... level 1
  9. Resistance of a wire level 3
  10. Setting the length of a wire level 3
  11. Resistance and temperature level 3
  12. E12 series level 1

Power, energy, efficiency

Step 5

P = U·I, Joule, kWh, efficiency, lamp and energy meter. Reminder · Power, energy, efficiency

  1. Power of a hotplate level 1
  2. Energy used by a kettle level 1
  3. Running time of an oven level 1
  4. Power of a load (U, I) level 1
  5. Kilowatt-hours to kilojoules level 1
  6. 60 W / 230 V lamp level 1
  7. Watt and joule level 1
  8. Resistance from the rating plate level 2
  9. Useful energy of a motor level 2
  10. Predict the energy used level 2
  11. Lamp at its rated power level 2
  12. Power in R1 level 2
  13. Energy meter level 2
  14. Electricity bill level 2
  15. Power of a load level 2
  16. Waterfall, turbine and generator level 3
  17. Power of a crane motor level 3
  18. Lifting time level 3
  19. Efficiency of a goods lift level 3
  20. Load a hoist can lift level 3
  21. Pump motor level 3
  22. Connect a wattmeter level 3
  23. P = U·I, checked with the wattmeter level 3
  24. Stop at the right time level 3
  25. Lamp at another voltage level 3
  26. Which one heats up most? level 3
  27. Under-supplied lamp level 3
  28. Joule heating level 3
  29. Motor efficiency level 3
  30. Required flow of a waterfall level 4
  31. Height of a waterfall level 4
  32. Efficiency of a generator level 4
  33. Efficiency of a real generator level 4
  34. Efficiency of a motor level 4

Resistor networks

Step 6

Series, parallel, mixed, line drop, troubleshooting. Reminder · Resistor networks

  1. Two resistors in series level 2
  2. Voltage sharing level 2
  3. Equivalent resistance level 3
  4. Two resistors in parallel level 2
  5. Branch current level 2
  6. Aim for a parallel resistance level 3
  7. Mixed circuit level 3
  8. n identical resistors level 2
  9. Line voltage drop level 3
  10. Two-wire line level 3
  11. Mixed network level 4
  12. Wrong value level 3
  13. Tricky mixed circuit level 4

Measurement & instruments

Step 7

Voltmeter, ammeter, ohmmeter, wattmeter, ranges, upstream / downstream, shunt. Reminder · Measurement & instruments

  1. The voltmeter level 2
  2. Voltmeter on R2 level 2
  3. Ammeter in series level 2
  4. Measure, then conclude level 3
  5. Choosing the range level 1
  6. Range and needle level 2
  7. Ohmmeter rule level 1
  8. Measuring a resistance with an ohmmeter level 2
  9. Reading a wattmeter level 2
  10. Not-so-perfect voltmeter level 4
  11. Upstream or downstream connection level 3
  12. Shunt calculation level 4

Real generators & loads

Step 8

E and r, E' and r', generalised Ohm's law, U = f(I) characteristic. Reminder · Real generators & loads

  1. Generator in opposition level 1
  2. Real generator level 1
  3. EMF of an accumulator cell level 2
  4. Current delivered by an accumulator level 2
  5. External resistance of an accumulator level 2
  6. Predict the current of a real cell level 2
  7. Voltage needed to recharge an accumulator level 2
  8. Maximum charging current level 2
  9. EMF of a charging accumulator level 2
  10. A cell and its load level 2
  11. Internal resistance of an accumulator level 3
  12. Ammeter connected straight across a cell level 3
  13. Electrical efficiency of a generator level 3
  14. Measure the internal resistance of a cell level 3
  15. No load, then under load level 3
  16. Internal resistance of a charging accumulator level 3
  17. Battery of n cells being charged level 3
  18. Useful power of a motor level 3
  19. Predict the current of a motor level 3
  20. Measure the back-EMF of a motor level 3
  21. Get the wanted current in a motor level 3
  22. Accumulator being charged level 3
  23. Two accumulators in opposition level 3
  24. Limiting the charging current level 3
  25. Rheostat between a generator and a load level 3
  26. Two cells in opposition level 3
  27. Current drawn by a motor level 3
  28. Generalised Ohm's law level 3
  29. Active load level 3
  30. Voltage under load level 3
  31. Load for a given efficiency level 4
  32. Generalised Ohm's law: missing EMF level 4
  33. Two cells, one motor, two resistors level 4
  34. Set the rheostat of a motor level 4
  35. Plotting U = f(I) level 4
  36. Internal resistance from the slope level 4

Kirchhoff's laws

Step 9

Junctions, loops, several sources, bridge. Reminder · Kirchhoff's laws

  1. Junction rule level 1
  2. Current at the junction level 2
  3. Two cells in series level 2
  4. Missing current level 2
  5. Which branch carries the most current? level 3
  6. Junction law in the lab level 3
  7. Cells in opposition level 3
  8. Loop equation level 3
  9. Two sources, three branches level 4
  10. Two sources on one load level 4
  11. Two-source ladder level 5
  12. Reproduce a bridge level 5

Capacitors

Step 10

C = Q/U, combinations, energy, marking, time constant. Reminder · Capacitors

  1. Capacitors in parallel level 1
  2. The farad level 1
  3. Capacitors in parallel level 1
  4. Capacitors in series level 2
  5. Two capacitors in series level 2
  6. Completing a capacitance level 2
  7. Capacitor marking level 2
  8. Charge of a capacitor level 2
  9. Time constant level 2
  10. Voltage across a series group level 3
  11. Missing capacitor of a series group level 3
  12. Charge of a parallel group level 3
  13. Third capacitor of a parallel group level 3
  14. Stored energy level 3
  15. Capacitors in series level 3
  16. Same energy at another voltage level 4
  17. Adding a discharged capacitor level 4

Magnetism & electromagnetism

Step 11

Magnets, B, Φ, coil, Laplace. Reminder · Magnetism & electromagnetism

  1. Field lines level 1
  2. Poles of a magnet level 1
  3. Magnetic units level 1
  4. Flux density at the centre of a coil level 2
  5. Flux through a coil level 2
  6. Number of turns for a flux density level 3
  7. Current for a given flux density level 3
  8. Length of a coil level 3
  9. Flux of a coil in air level 3
  10. Flux with an iron core level 3
  11. Laplace force level 3
  12. North pole of the coil level 3
  13. Direction of the Laplace force level 3
  14. Coil diameter for a given flux level 4
  15. Permeability of a core level 4
  16. Turns to spread over a core level 4

Induction & self-induction

Step 12

Faraday, Lenz, inductance, energy, RL. Reminder · Induction & self-induction

  1. Faraday's law level 1
  2. Lenz's law level 1
  3. Conductor sweeping the field lines level 2
  4. Self-induced EMF level 2
  5. Laplace force level 2
  6. Energy of a coil level 2
  7. RL time constant level 2
  8. EMF induced in a flat coil level 3
  9. Speed of a bar in a field level 3
  10. Flux density cut by a bar level 3
  11. Admissible switch-off time level 3
  12. Current cut in a coil level 3
  13. Current for a given force level 3
  14. Inductance of a coil level 3
  15. Self-induction level 3
  16. EMF induced in a coil level 3
  17. Direction of the induced current level 3
  18. Fluxmeter probe level 4
  19. Bar on rails and dynamometer level 4
  20. Primary current from the secondary EMF level 5

Alternating current

Step 13

Sine wave, ω, f, T, RMS / peak, phase shift. Reminder · Alternating current

  1. Phase shift level 1
  2. RMS value level 1
  3. Frequency and period level 1
  4. From period to frequency level 1
  5. Angular frequency level 2
  6. From RMS to peak level 2
  7. Angular frequency of a sinusoidal current level 2
  8. RMS value read on the oscilloscope level 2
  9. RMS EMF of an alternator level 2
  10. Phase at a given instant level 3
  11. Instantaneous value of a current level 3
  12. Peak current from the energy level 3
  13. Power from the current amplitude level 3
  14. Instantaneous value level 4
  15. Kettle: amplitude on the oscilloscope level 4

RLC circuits

Step 14

Reactances, impedance, Ohm's law in AC. Reminder · RLC circuits

  1. Heating element on AC level 1
  2. Reactance and frequency level 1
  3. Resistive wire on AC level 2
  4. Current in a pure inductor level 2
  5. Current in a perfect capacitor level 2
  6. Capacitive reactance level 2
  7. Inductive reactance level 2
  8. Inductance of a pure coil level 3
  9. Capacitance of a pure capacitor level 3
  10. Angular frequency from an inductor level 3
  11. Angular frequency from a capacitor level 3
  12. Impedance of a series RLC circuit level 3
  13. Resistor and pure inductor in parallel level 3
  14. Resistor and capacitor in parallel level 3
  15. Pure inductor and capacitor in parallel level 3
  16. Ohm's law in AC level 3
  17. Impedance of a series RL circuit level 3
  18. Resistance of a circuit of known impedance level 4
  19. Total voltage of a series RLC level 4
  20. Coil resistance from cos φ level 5
  21. Real coil and capacitor in parallel level 5

AC power

Step 15

S, P, Q, cos φ, correction. Reminder · AC power

  1. Power factor level 1
  2. Why correct the power factor? level 1
  3. Active power level 2
  4. Powers of a coil level 3
  5. Reactive power level 3
  6. Two coils in series level 4
  7. Three coils in series level 4
  8. Heater and motor at a subscriber level 4
  9. Lamps, heater and motor level 4
  10. Correction capacitor for a coil level 4
  11. Correcting the cos φ of a motor level 4
  12. Power factor correction level 4
  13. Workshop: tubes, motors and heaters level 5
  14. Cos φ of a coil in parallel with a resistor level 5
  15. Workshop: capacitor, heater and cos φ level 5
Start this course

All paths · All sheets

Simulated time00:00:00
Q = I·t-
W = P·t-

Workbench

Circuit diagram CEI 60617

How does it work?

The perfboard: each big hole is a circuit node. You push a single leg of a component (resistor, lamp...) into it. The 4 small holes around it are connected to it: that is where chips and leads plug in.

  1. Drag a component onto the board: it snaps onto the grid. R rotates it.
  2. To join neighbouring big holes, click Jumper chip in the palette (or C) then drag on the board: a line of chips is laid at once. Bridged holes become a single node.
  3. For long links and for the power supply (placed next to the board), drag a lead from one big hole to another (or to a terminal).
  4. As soon as a loop is closed, the circuit is solved in real time (Ohm + Kirchhoff) and the diagram follows.
  5. Zoom with the wheel (or + / −, two-finger pinch); drag the background to pan, 0 fits the board. The + buttons around the board add a row or a column.

Del delete · R rotate · C chip brush · Esc cancel · wheel zoom · drag the background to pan

Confirmer

Importer un montage

Export